This Scheme
envisages the Sa and Pa
as fixed svaras, with the
Ma having two variants and
the remaining svaras as
having three variants each.
This leads to 72 seven-note
combinations referred to as
the Melakarta Ragas. The
omission of one or more
notes in the Arohana or
Ascending and / or
Avarohana or Descending
swara sequences from any
Melakarta leads to a
very large number of Janya
Ragas. Janya means born
of, or derived from.
Thousands of
compositions of different types
: the Gita, the Vara,
Kirtana, Padam, Pallavi, Tillana etc,
have been composed in these
Melakarta or Janya Ragas
by various famous composers, presenting
an enormous range and depth
in presenting the melodic
possibilities of each. And of
course, without the limitations
of a composition, the Alapana
provides the format where any
musician can elaborate any
Raga for as long as
likes, with improvisation being limited
only by his or her
imagination.
A great
composition in this context
is a Ragamalika, embracing
all the 72 Melakarta Ragas,
by the great composer, Maha Vaidyanatha Sivan
(1844-93). A beautiful rendering
of this composition by Smt.M.S.Subbulakshmi
is available on a Cassette
from HMV under then title
"Mela Ragamalika Chakra".
All these
ragas have also been illustrated
by a complete set of
72 Kirtanas by another illustrious
composer Kotiswara Aiyar. (1869-1938).
Anyone interested in obtaining a
compilation of a full set
of these Kirtanas, with
full notations, along with
their vocal rendering on
a set of 10 Cassettes,
can obtain them from the
contributor of this Introduction.
It is
intended that this presentation
should provide a basic
point of entry into the
incredibly beautiful world of Carnatic
music. Each entry in the
table below provides a
link to a Veena rendering
of the Arohana and Avarohana
with a very brief rendering
of the Raga outline to
illustrate the unique melodic
shape that the notes of
the Raga takes.
It is
expected in due course,
to have the links below
extended to take the viewer
on through onward links
to information and music
of the great composers
and artistes who have contributed
to developing and preserving
this great Indian musical
tradition over the centuries.
The Swara
symbols used in the table
below and the corresponding
Swara names are :
Sa : Shadjamam : this is the base
note of the octave, the name Shad-ja itself
meaning "giving birth to next 6 notes".
R1 : Suddha Rishabham
R2 : Chatusruti Rishabham R3 : Shatsruti
Rishabham
G1 : Suddha Gandharam
G2 : Sadharana Gandharam G3 : Antara Gandharam
M1: Suddha Madhyamam M2 :
Prati Madhyamam
P : Panchamam
D1 : Suddha Daivatam
D2 : Chatusruti Daivatam
D3 : Shatsruti Daivatam
N1 : Suddha Nishadam
N2 : Kaisiki Nishadam
N3 : Kakali Nishadam
Note : Click on the underlined Raga name to
hear the raga. You can hear the recording only if you have Windows
Media Player or Real Audio Player on your computer.
THE MELAKARTA SCHEME
1.
Kanakangi
S
R1 G1
M1 P
D1 N1
S
æäæ觇æ¨
¡
õ¨1
æ1
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨1
¡
2.
Rathnangi
S
R1 G1
M1 P
D1 N2
S
õ¨ê‡ä觇æ¨
¡
õ¨1
æ1
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨2
¡
3.
Ganamoorthi
S
R1 G1
M1 P
D1 N3
S
æèäßõ‡ê‡ê¨
¡
õ¨1
æ1
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨3
¡
4.
Vanaspathi
S R1
G1 M1
P D2
N2 S
ô䡉çê¨
¡
õ¨1
æ1
ë1
ç
ê2
å¨2
¡
5.
Manavathi
S R1
G1 M1
P D2
N3 S
ëèäôê¨
¡
õ¨1
æ1
ë1
ç
ê2
å¨3
¡
6.
Danaroopi
S
R1 G1
M1 P
D3 N3
S
êèä¥ç¨
¡
õ¨1
æ1
ë1
ç
ê3
å¨3
¡
7.
Senavathi
S
R1 G2
M1 P
D1 N1
S
î¡åèôê¨
¡
õ¨1
æ2
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨1
¡
8 .
Hanumathodi
S
R1 G2
M1 P
D1 N2
S
ÁÅëîêèï
¡
õ¨1
æ2
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨2
¡
9.
Dhenuka
S
R1 G2
M1 P
D1 N3
S
îêÄæè
¡
õ¨1
æ2
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨3
¡
10.
Natakapriya
S
R1 G2
M1 P
D2 N2
S
åèìæç‡õ¨áè
¡
õ¨1
æ2
ë1
ç
ê2
å¨2
¡
11.
Kokilapriya
S R1
G2 M1
P D2
N3 S
îæèæ¨ùç‡õ¨áè
¡
õ¨1
æ2
ë1
ç
ê2
å¨3
¡
12.
Roopavathi
S
R1 G2
M1 P
D3 N3
S
¥çôê¨
¡
õ¨1
æ2
ë1
ç
ê3
å¨3
¡
13.
Gayakapriya
S R1
G3 M1
P D1
N1 S
æèáæç‡õ¨áè
¡
õ¨1
æ3
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨1
¡
14.
Vakulabaranam S
R1 G3
M1 P
D1 N2
S
ôÆùèçõÚëŠ
¡
õ¨1
æ3
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨2
¡
15.
Mayamalavagowla
S
R1 G3
M1 P
D1 N3
S
ëèáèëèóôâæóó
¡
õ¨1
æ3
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨3
¡
16.
Chakravaham
S R1
G3 M1
P D2
N2 S
òæ‡õôèÁëŠ
¡
õ¨1
æ3
ë1
ç
ê2
å¨2
¡
17.
Suryakantham
S
R1 G3
M1 P
D2 N3
S
¡«õ‡áæèå‡êëŠ
¡
õ¨1
æ3
ë1
ç
ê2
å¨3
¡
18.
Hatakambari
S
R1 G3
M1 P
D3 N3
S
ÁìæèëŠçõ¨
¡
õ¨1
æ3
ë1
ç
ê3
å¨3
¡
19.
Jankaradwani
S
R2 G2
M1 P
D1 N1
S
£§‡æèõê‡ôä¨
¡
õ¨2
æ2
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨1
¡
20.
Natabairavi
S
R2 G2
M1 P
D1 N2
S
å¨ìéçõô¨
¡
õ¨2
æ2
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨2
¡
21.
Keeravani
S R2
G2 M1
P D1
N3 S
æ©õôèÚ¨
¡
õ¨2
æ2
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨3
¡
22.
Karaharapriya
S R2
G2 M1
P D2
N2 S
æõæõç‡õ¨áè
¡
õ¨2
æ2
ë1
ç
ê2
å¨2
¡
23.
Gowrimanohari
S R2
G2 M1
P D2
N3 S
âæóõ¨ëîåèÁõ¨
¡
õ¨2
æ2
ë1
ç
ê2
å¨3
¡
24.
Varunapriya
S
R2 G2
M1 P
D3 N3
S
ôÕÚç‡õ¨áè
¡
õ¨2
æ2
ë1
ç
ê3
å¨3
¡
25.
Mararanjani
S
R2 G3
M1 P
D1 N1
S
ëõõ¢‰£ä¨
¡
õ¨2
æ3
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨1
¡
26.
Charukesi
S R2
G3 M1
P D1
N2 S
òèÕî桨
¡
õ¨2
æ3
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨2
¡
27.
Sarasangi
S R2
G3 M1
P D1
N3 S
¡õ¡è§‡æ¨
¡
õ¨2
æ3
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨3
¡
28.
Harikambodi
S
R2 G3
M1 P
D2 N2
S
Áõ¨æèëŠîçèê¨
¡
õ¨2
æ3
ë1
ç
ê2
å¨2
¡
29.
Dhirasankarabaranam
S
R2 G3
M1 P
D2 N3
S
ê©õò§‡æõèçõÚëŠ
¡
õ¨2
æ3
ë1
ç
ê2
å¨3
¡
30.
Naganandini
S R2
G3 M1
P D3
N3 S
åèæèåå‡ê¨ä¨
¡
õ¨2
æ3
ë1
ç
ê3
å¨3
¡
31.
Yagapriya
S
R3 G3
M1 P
D1 N1
S
áèæç‡õ¨áè
¡
õ¨3
æ3
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨1
¡
32.
Ragavardini
S R3
G3 M1
P D1
N2 S
õèæôõ‡êä¨
¡
õ¨3
æ3
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨2
¡
33.
Kangeyabhushani
S R3
G3 M1
P D1
N3 S
æ觇îæá·ÜÚ¨
¡
õ¨3
æ3
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨3
¡
34.
Vagadishwari
S
R3 G3
M1 P
D2 N2
S
ôèæê©¡‰ôõ¨
¡
õ¨3
æ3
ë1
ç
ê2
å¨2
¡
35.
Sulini
S
R3 G3
M1 P
D2 N3
S
Ü«ù¨ä¨
¡
õ¨3
æ3
ë1
ç
ê2
å¨3
¡
36.
Chalanata
S
R3 G3
M1 P
D3 N3
S
òùåèéì
¡
õ¨3
æ3
ë1
ç
ê3
å¨3
¡
37.
Salakam
S
R1 G1
M2 P
D1 N1
S
¡èóæëŠ
¡
õ¨1
æ1
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨1
¡
38.
Jalarnavam
S R1
G1 M2
P D1
N2 S
£ùèõ‡åôëŠ
¡
õ¨1
æ1
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨2
¡
39.
Jalavarali
S
R1 G1
M2 P
D1 N3
S
£èùôõèó¨
¡
õ¨1
æ1
ë1
ç
ê1
å¨3
¡
40.
Navaneetham S
R1 G1
M2 P
D2 N2
S
åôå©êëŠ
¡
õ¨1
æ1
ë1
ç
ê2
å¨2
¡
41.
Pavani
S R1
G1 M2
P D2
N3 S
çèôä¨
¡
õ¨1
æ1
ë1
ç
ê2
å¨3
¡
42.
Ragupriya
S R1
G1 M2
P D3
N3 S
õÆç‡õ¨áè
¡
õ¨1
æ1
ë1
ç
ê3
å¨3
¡
43.
Kavambodhi
S
R1 G2
M2 P
D1 N1
S
æèôèëŠîçèê¨
¡
õ¨1
æ2
ë2
ç
ê1
å¨1
¡
44.
Bhavapriya
S
R1 G2
M2 P
D1 N2
S
çèôç‡õ¨áè
¡
õ¨1
æ2
ë2
ç
ê1
å¨2
¡
45.
Subhapantuvarali
S R1
G2 M2
P D1
N3 S
àççå‡Êôõèó¨
¡
õ¨1
æ2
ë2
ç
ê1
å¨3
¡
46.
Shadvidamargani S
R1 G2
M2 P
D2 N2
S
Üì‡ô¨êëõ‡æä¨
¡
õ¨1
æ2
ë2
ç
ê2
å¨2
¡
47.
Suvarnangi
S
R1 G2
M2 P
D2 N3
S
¡¦ôõ‡Ú觇æ¨
¡
õ¨1
æ2
ë2
ç
ê2
å¨3
¡
48.
Divyamani
S R1
G2 M2
P D3
N3 S
ê¨ôŠáëÚ¨
¡
õ¨1
æ2
ë2
ç
ê3
å¨3
¡
49.
Dhavalambari
S
R1 G3
M2 P
D1 N1
S
êôóèëŠçõ¨
¡
õ¨1
æ3
ë2
ç
ê1
å¨1
¡
50.
Namanarayani
S
R1 G3
M2 P
D1 N2
S
åèëåèõèáÚ¨
¡
õ¨1
æ3
ë2
ç
ê1
å¨2
¡
51.
Kamavardhani
S
R1 G3
M2 P
D1 N3
S
æèëôõ‡êä¨
¡
õ¨1
æ3
ë2
ç
ê1
å¨3
¡
52.
Ramapriya
S
R1 G3
M2 P
D2 N2
S
õèëç‡õ¨áè
¡
õ¨1
æ3
ë2
ç
ê2
å¨2
¡
53.
Gamanasrama
S
R1 G3
M2 P
D2 N3
S
æëä衉õëè
¡
õ¨1
æ3
ë2
ç
ê2
å¨3
¡
54.
Viswambari
S
R1 G3
M2 P
D3 N3
S
ô¨¡‰ôèëŠçõ¨
¡
õ¨1
æ3
ë2
ç
ê3
å¨3
¡
55.
Syamalangi
S R2
G2 M2
P D1
N1 S
ò‹áèëó觇æ¨
¡
õ¨2
æ2
ë2
ç
ê1
å¨1
¡
56.
Shanmugapriya S
R2 G2
M2 P
D1 N2
S
ÜÚˆËæç‡õ¨áè
¡
õ¨2
æ2
ë2
ç
ê1
å¨2
¡
57.
Simhendramadyamam S
R2 G2
M2 P
D1 N3
S
¡¨ëŠîÁå‡ê‡õ¨ëê‡áëëŠ
¡
õ¨2
æ2
ë2
ç
ê1
å¨3
¡
58.
Hemavathi
S
R2 G2
M2 P
D2 N2
S
îÁëôê¨
¡
õ¨2
æ2
ë2
ç
ê2
å¨2
¡
59.
Dharmavathi
S
R2 G2
M2 P
D2 N3
S
êõ‡ëôê¨
¡
õ¨2
æ2
ë2
ç
ê2
å¨3
¡
60.
Neethimathi
S R2
G2 M2
P D3
N3 S
å©ê¨ëê¨
¡
õ¨2
æ2
ë2
ç
ê3
å¨3
¡
61.
Kanthamani
S R2
G3 M2
P D1
N1 S
æèå‡êèëÚ¨
¡
õ¨2
æ3
ë2
ç
ê1
å¨1
¡
62.
Rishabapriya
S
R2 G3
M2 P
D1 N2
S
õ¨Üçç‡õ¨áè
¡
õ¨2
æ3
ë2
ç
ê1
å¨2
¡
63.
Lathangi
S
R2 G3
M2 P
D1 N3
S
ùê觇æ¨
¡
õ¨2
æ3
ë2
ç
ê1
å¨3
¡
64.
Vachaspathi
S
R2 G3
M2 P
D2 N2
S
ôèò¡‰çê¨
¡
õ¨2
æ3
ë2
ç
ê2
å¨2
¡
65.
Mechakalyani
S R2
G3 M2
P D2
N3 S
îëòæùŠáèÚ¨
¡
õ¨2
æ3
ë2
ç
ê2
å¨3
¡
66.
Chitrambari
S
R2 G3
M2 P
D3 N3
S
ò¨ê‡õèëŠçõ¨
¡
õ¨2
æ3
ë2
ç
ê3
å¨3
¡
67.
Sucharithra
S R3
G3 M2
P D1
N1 S
¡¦òõ¨ê‡õè
¡
õ¨3
æ3
ë2
ç
ê1
å¨1
¡
68.
Jyothiswaroopini
S R3
G3 M2
P D1
N2 S
î£èꨡ‰ô¥ç¨Ú¨
¡
õ¨3
æ3
ë2
ç
ê1
å¨2
¡
69.
Dhathuvardani
S R3
G3 M2
P D1
N3 S
êèÊôõ‡êä¨
¡
õ¨3
æ3
ë2
ç
ê1
å¨3
¡
70.
Nasikabhushani
S
R3 G3
M2 P
D2 N2
S
å表æè·ÜÚ¨
¡
õ¨3
æ3
ë2
ç
ê2
å¨2
¡
71.
Kosalam.
S
R3 G3
M2 P
D2 N3
S
îæè¡ùëŠ
¡
õ¨3
æ3
ë2
ç
ê2
å¨3
¡
72.
Rasikapriya
S R3
G3 M2
P D3
N3 S
õ¡¨æç‡õ¨áè
¡
õ¨3
æ3
ë2
ç
ê3
å¨3
¡