mnu>-
tpaeivze;EivRivxE> ìtEí
ivixcaeidtE> ,
ved>k«õae=ixgNtVySsrhSyae iÖjNmna
.
Manu- Vedas
should be learnt completely
following all the established
rites and the given vows.
The Upanishad part also
should be learnt.
d]>-
ved> SvIkr[< pUvR<
ivcarae=_ysn< jp> ,
tÎan< cEv iz:ye_y> veda_yasae
ih p<cxa .
Daksha:- Veda
education consists of five
methods i.e. learn from the
teacher, enquire into the
meaning, recite again and again, recite
in estabished methods, and teach
the disciples.
ym>-
stt< àatéTway
dNtxavnpUvRk< ,
õaTva ÷Tva c iz:ye_y>
k…yaRdXyapn< nr> .
Yama:- The
discipline for the teacher
- He should get up
early in the morning, brush
the teeth, take ritual bath,
perform agnihothra and aupasana,
and should teach the disciples
in this ceremonially pure
condition.
mnu>
AacayRpuÇ> zuïu;u> }andae
xaimRk> zuic> ,
AaÝ> z> AwRd> saxu>
Svae=XyaPyadzxmRt> .
Manu:- The
following persons are qualified
to become disciples:- son of
a teacher, one who serves,
one who can teach another
art, a charitable person,
one who has religious discipline,
a relative, an intelligent person,
one who gives money, a
good person, and a kinsman
on father's side.
8. danm!-
Gifts in charity
ya}vLky:-
datVy<< àTyh<
paÇe inimÄe tu ivze;t>
,
yaictenaip datVy<< ïÏapUt<
c zit> .
Yagnavalkya:- Everyday
a person should give a
gift to a deserving person.
He should give gifts on
special occasions as well as
when somebody makes a request.
He should do it with
devotion and according to
his ability.
mnu>-
vaird> t&iÝmaßaeit
suom]YymÚd> , itlàd> àjaimòa<
dIpdí]uéÄmm! . -Uimdae -Uimmaßaeit dI"RmayuihRr{yd>,
g&hdae=¢yai[veZmain êPydae êpmuÄmm!
.
vasaedíNÔsalaeKy< AiñsalaeKymñd>
, AnfuÎ> iïy<
puóa<< gaedaeb×Sy ivòpm!
. yanzYyaàdae
-ayaRmEñyRm-yàd> , xaNydZzañt<saErBy<
äüdaeäüsarœiòtam! .
Manu:-
The good effects of giving
gifts is as follows:- one
who gives water gets satisfaction,
one who gives food gets
great happiness, one who
gives sesame seeds gets
good progeny, one who gives
lamp gets good eyesight,
one who gives land gets land,
one who gives gold gets
long life, one who gives
house gets high class houses,
one who gives silver gets
best silver, one who gives
dhoti goes to the moon,
one who gives a bull
gets abundant wealth, one
who gives a cow goes
to the sun, one who
gives a cart and a
bed gets a beautiful wife,
one who gives refuge gets
wealth, one who gives grains
gets permanent good life, and
the man who imparts education
[who teaches Veda] goes
to Brahmaloka.
svˆR;amevdanna<
äüdan< iviz:yte ,
Among
all the gifts, teaching
the Vedas is the greatest.
zai{fLy>-
Ayaictain deyain svRdanain
yÆt> ,
AÚ< ivXya c kNya c ýaniwR_yae
n dIyte .
Shandilya:- All
gifts should be given to
the man who does not
make a request. But the
gift of education, food
and a daughter in marriage
should be given only to
persons who make requests
and who deserve.
ÖaimmaE
pué;aE laeke SvgRSyaepir itót>
,
AÚàdata
Êi-R]e sui-]e hemvôd> .
Two kinds of men
shine over the heaven-
One who gives food at
the time of famine and
one who gives away gold
and clothes at the time
of prosperity.
devl>-
naLpTv< va b÷Tv<
va danSyaByuddyavhm! ,
ïÏa -ií danana<
v&iÏ]ykre ihte .
Devala:- It
does not matter whether
the gift is small or
big in value. It depends
on the love and devotion
of the man who gives and
it's value is known
from the results.
#ó<
dÄ< AxIt< c à[ZyTynukItRnat!
,
ða"anuzaecna_ya<
n v&wa pirkItRyet! .
Religious
merit is destroyed if a
person brags about the yagnas
performed by him for himself
or for others and about
his reciting the Vedas.
If we praise our own
good deeds and regret giving
gifts in charity, our brightness
will be diminished. Therefore
do not talk about your
good deeds.
ym>-
zIl< s<vsta }ey<
zaEc< s<Vyvhart> ,
à}a s<kwnat! }eya iÇi->
paÇ< prIúyte .
Yama:-
A man's character is known
by being familiar with him,
his cleanliness from his behaviour,
and his intelligence from
his talk. Thus should a
man be appraised..
9. ]iÇy
xmaR> - Kshathriya Dharma
iv;[upura[e>-Êòana<
zasnaÔaja izòana< pirpalnat!
,
àaßaeTy-IiPstan! laekan! v[Rs<Swakrae
n&p> .
Vishnupurana:- A
king obtains the worlds
of his desire when he
punishes the wicked and protects
good people.He thereby preserves
the social order.
mnu>-
#NÔSykRSy va yaeí
ymSy vé[Sy c ,
cNÔSya¶e> p&iwVyaí tejaev&Ä<<
n&píret! .
Manu:-
A king shares the divinity
of the devas:- Indra,
Sun, Wind, Yama, Varuna,
Moon, Fire, and Earth. He
should follow their lustre-giving
qualities.
vai;Rkaíturae
masan! yweNÔae=i-àv;Rit ,
twa=i-v;ˆRt!Sv<
raò+< kamEirNÔìt< crn!
.
Indra
causes rain to pour down
during the rainy season of
four months as his bounden
duty. The king follows this
duty by providing the country
with goods that everybody
needs..
AòaE
masan! ywa==idTyStaey< hrit riZmi->
,
twa
hretkr< raò+aiÚTymkRìt<
ih tt! .
The Sun
consumes moisture with his
rays during the dry eight
months of
a year. In the same
way, the king collects necessary
taxes from citizens without
hurting them.
ywa
ym> iàyÖeZyaE àaÝkale
inyCDit ,
twa
ra}a inyNtVya> àjaStiÏ
ymìtm! .
Yama dispenses
justice without favour.The king
also should do justice
to his people, following Yama's
way.
vé[en
ywa pazE> bÏ @vai-†Zyte
,
twapapaiÚg&ŸIyaËtmetiÏ
vaé[m! .
Varuna keeps
dirt under control with
his binding qualities, as his
bounden duty. In the same
way, the king keeps wrong-doers
under control.
pirpU[R<
ywa cNÔ< †òœvaù:yiNt
manva> ,
twa
àk«tyae yiSmn! s caNÔìitkae
n&p> .
The
way people are happy when
they look at the full
moon, they should look
at the king.in the same
way.
àtapyuae
rajaih inTy< SyaTpapkmRsu> ,
Êó
samNtih<öí tda¶ey< ìt<
Sm&t< .
The
famous and illustrious king
follows the way of Fire,
in being harsh to criminals
and enemies.
ywa
svaRi[ -&tain xra xaryte
smm! ,
twa
svaRi[ -Utain ibæt> paiwRvìtm!
.
The
way the earth bears the
burden of all the beings
on earth, the king takes
care of all beings in
his kingdom.
@tEépayErNyEí
yuae inTymtiNÔt> ,
Stenan!
rajaing&ŸIyat! Svraòre pr
@v .
The
king should be alert and
control criminals using these
strategems and other actions.He
should help other countries
also in this work.
prazr>-
]iÇyae ih àjar]n!
zôpai[> àd{fvan! ,
inijRTy prsENyaini]it< xmˆR[ palyyet!
.
Parashara:- Kshathriyas'
duties are- protecting people,
punishing criminals, carrying weapons,
fighting a moral war, defeating
the enemies, and ruling the country
according to law.
11. v[Rsaxar[
xmaR>- Common dharmas for
all the varnas.
iv:[u>-
]ma sTy< dm>
zaEc< dan< #iNÔys<ym>
,
Aih<sa guézuïu;a tIwaRnusr[<
dya ,
AajRv< lae-zUNyTv< deväaü[
pUjnm! .
An_y sUya c twa xmR>
samaNy %Cyte .
Vishnu:-
Patience, truth, control of
mind, cleanliness, gift giving,
control of senses, nonviolence,
serving the teacher, visiting
holy places, kindness, absence
of deceit and greed, worshipping
the gods and the godly
and avoidance of jealousy
are common dharmas
for all the four social
groups.
12. cTvair<zTs<Skara>-
Forty Samskaras [Rituals]
ya}vLkœy>-
in;eka*a> ZmzanaNta> te;a< vE
mÙt> i³ya> ,
Yagnavalkya:-
Karmas starting from conception till
death are explained.
gaEtm>-
"g-aRxan pu<svn sImNtaeÚyn
jatkmR namkr[
AÚàazncaRlaepnyn< cTvair vedìtain
õan< sh
xmRcair[I s<yaeg>
p<cana< y}anamnuòan<
devipt&mnu:y -Utäü[amete;a<
c AòkapavR[>
ïaÏ< ïav{ya¢hay[I cEÇyaíyujIit
sÝpak
y}s<Swa AGNyaxeymi¶haeÇ< dzRpU[Rmasava¢y[<
catumaRSyain inêFpzubNxSsaEÇam[Iit
sÝhivyR»s<Swa Ai¶òaemae=Tyi¶
òaem
%KWy:;aedzI vajpeyae=itraÇae=Ýaeyim
#it
sÝsaem s<Swa
#Tyete cTvair<zTs<Skara>
AwaòavaTmgu[a> dya svR-Ute;u
]aiNtrnsUyazaEcmnayasae m<glkapR{ymSp&heit
.
Gauthama:- Conummation,
pumsavanam, seemantham, jathakarma, naming,
starting on solid food,
choulam, upanayanam,[8], four veda
rituals, bath,marriage, five great
yagnas [deva, pitru, manushya,
bhutha, brahma yagnas], ashtakai,
parvanam, shraddham,shravani, agra
hayani, chaitri,
ashvayuji [seven part yagna
arrangement], adhayam, agnihothram, darshapoornamasas,
agrayanam, chathurmasyas, nirudapashubandhams,
southramani [seven haviryagnas], agnishtomam,
adyagnishtomam, ukthyam, shodasi, vajapeyam,
atirathram, apthoyamam[seven soma-samstha]---These
are the forty samskaras.
Eight spiritual qualities are kindness
to all beings, compassion,
patience, eschewing jealousy, cleanliness,
not getting tired, doing
things without
harassing oneself and others,
being pleasant, willingness to help
others and not craving
for others' possessions. If a
man has these qualities
it will add grace
to the samakaras.
A person
should perform all samskaras
from birth till upanayanam.
After this he may either
take up sanyasa or get
married and continue the
samskaras.
13. g-aRxanm!-
Consummation
ya}vl!Kya>>-;aefztuRinRza>
ôI[a<tiSmn! yuGmasu s<ivzet!
,
äücayˆRv pvaR{ya*aítöívjRyet!
.
Yagnavalkya:-
The first sixteen days
after the start of menses
is called ruthu. Of them,
the first four days should
be avoided. the even days
are good for making love.
Among them the parva days
should be avoided.
zai{fLy>-ngCDeÌi-R[I<
-ayaR< milna< ist-UxRjam! ,
rjSvla< raegvtI< na yaenaE
n bu-ui]t> .
suvôve;xrya õatya zuÏicÇya
,
Araegya diytya Svymev<ivx> Svpet!
.
Shandilya:- A
man should not have sex
with a pregnant woman,
a woman wearing a dirty
dress, grey haired woman, older
woman, menstruating woman, and
diseased woman. One should
not engage in sex when
he is hungry and in
unnatural sex acts. The wife
should be well-adorned, clean
after taking bath, pleasant and
healthy.
gaEtm>-
imwunI-UTva n zaEc<
àit ivlMbet! ,
The man
should clean himself after
making love. There should be
no delay in this.