THE BHAGAVAD GITA (Contd)
CHAPTER - 17 : STANZAS 7 TO 22
DESCRIPTION OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF FOOD, SACRIFICE, PENANCE AND CHARITY
The Yoga
of the Threefold Sraddha
AaharÞÏv¢p
svIÞy
¢æO¢vDaE
Bv¢t
¢p#y:
,
yåOÞtpÞtTa
dan|
tExa|
BEd¢mm|
S¦N¤
,, 7 ,,
¢æO¢vD:
|
t£n
p#kar ka |
threefold |
BEdm¯ |
BEd
kaE |
distinction |
BaEjn
B£
sbkaE
t£n p#kar
ka
¢p#y
haEta hW
AaWr vWsE
h£
yåO
tp
AaWr dan
B£
t£n t£n
p#kar
kE
haEtE hW|
unkE
is BEd
kaE
s¤naE ,
Food also,
which is agreeable to different
men according to their
innate disposition is of three
kinds. And like- wise sacrifice,
penance and charity too are
each of three kinds ; hear you
their distinction. (7)
Aay¤:säO¯vblaraEÂys¤Kp#£¢t¢vvDIna:
,
rÞya:
¢s"ÂDa:
¢ÞTra¶ïa
Aahara:
saäO¯¢vk¢p#ya:
,, 8 ,,
Aay¤: |
Aay¤ |
those giving longevity |
p#£¢t¢vvDIna:
|
p#£¢t
kaE bFanEvalE |
cheerfulness and appetite |
rÞya: |
rsy¤³ |
which are savoury |
¶ïa: |
¢cäO
kaE rmN£y
lgnEvalE |
agreeable |
Aahara: |
Aahar |
these foods |
saäO¯¢vk¢p#ya:
|
sa¢Ïvk
p¤âx kaE
¢p#y haEtE
hW| |
are dear to the Sattvika |
Aay¤
b¤¢ÑG
bl
AaraEÂy
s¤K
AaWr p#£¢t
kaE
bFanEvalE rsy¤³
¢cknE
ÞTay£
¢cäO
kaE
rmN£y lgnEvalE
Aahar
sa¢Ïvk
âx kaE
¢p#y
haEtE
hW| ,
Foods which
promote longevity, purity, strength,
health, happiness
and cheerfulness,
and which are tasty, oily,
substantial and naturally agreea-ble,
are dear to the Sattvik
type.
(8)
kzqvØllvNaÏy¤ÝNt£ßNãX¢vda¢hn:
,
Aahara
rajsÞyE¾a
Ѥ:KSaEkamyp#da
: ,,
9 ,,
kz¤: |
kf¤vE |
those that are bitter |
AÏy¤ÝN:
|
bh^t
grm |
excessively hot |
rajsÞy |
rajs
p¤âx kaE
|
of the Rajasik |
i¾a: |
¢p#y
haEtE hW| |
are liked |
Ѥ:KSaEk
Aamyp#da: |
Ѥ:K
¢cÓta AaWr
raEgaE| kaE
uÏp° |
cause pain, grief and disease |
kf¤vE
KÊóE
nmk£n
bh^t
grm
t£KE ãKE
dahkark
Ѥ:K
¢cÓta
AaWr
raEgaE| kaE
uÏp°
krnEvalE
Aahar
rajs p¤âx
kaE
¢p#y haEtE
hW|
,
Foods which
are bitter, acid, salty, overhot,
pungent, dry and burning, and
which cause suffering, grief
and sickness, are dear to
the Rajasik type.
(9)
yatyam|
gtrs|
p¥¢t
py¤I¢xt|
c yt¯
,
u¢ÅC¾m¢p
camEÒy|
BaEjn|
tams¢p#ym¯
,, 10 ,,
gtrsm¯ |
rsr¢ht |
is tasteless |
py¤I¢xtm¯
|
sfa
h^Aa |
rotten |
tams¢p#ym¯
|
tams
p¤âx kaE
¢p#y
haEta hW |
liked by the Tamasik |
jaE
BaEjn
bas£ rsr¢ht
ѤgIÓDy¤³
sfa
h^Aa AaWr
u¢ÅC¾
tTa
Ap¢væO
B£
hW vh
tams
p¤âx
kaE ¢p#y
haEta
hW ,
Food which
is half-cooked or half-ripe, insipid,
putrid, stale and
polluted, which is
impure too, is dear to those of a Tamasik disposition.(10)
APlakaHq¢X¢ByIåOaE
¢v¢Dè¾aE
y
iÇytE
,
y¾ÛymEvE¢t
mn:
smaDay
s saäO¯¢vk:
,, 11
,,
APl
AakaHq¢X¢B: |
Pl
kaE n
cahnEvalE p¤âxaE|
¹ara |
by men desiring no
fruit |
¢v¢Dè¾:
|
SaÞæO¢v¢D
sE ¢nyt
¢kya
h^Aa |
as enjoined
by the ordinance |
iÇytE |
¢kya
jata hW |
is offered |
y¾Ûym¯
|
yåO
krna ktIÛy
hW |
ought to be
offered |
smaDay |
smaDan
krkE |
having fixed |
saäO¯¢vk:
|
sa¢Ïvk |
Sattvika |
jaE
yåO
SaÞæO¢v¢D
sE ¢nyt
¢kya
h^Aa
hW us
yåO
kaE krna
h£
ktIÛy
hW is
p#kar
mn kaE
smaDan
krkE Pl
kaE n
cahnEvalE
p¤âxaE|
kE
¹ara ¢kya
jata
hW
vh yåO
sa¢Ïvk
hW ,
The sacrifice
which is offered, as ordained
by scriptural injunctions, by
men who expect no
return and who believe that
such sacrifices must be performed,
is Sattvik in character.
(11)
A¢Bs|Day
t¤
Pl|
dØBaTIm¢p
cWv yt¯
,
iÇytE
Brt½E¿
t|
yåO|
¢v¢ÑG
rajsm¯ ,, 12
,,
A¢Bs|Day |
lßy
rKkr |
seeking for |
dØBaTIm¯
|
kEvl
dØBacrN kE
¢le |
for ostentation |
iÇytE |
¢kya
jata hW |
is offered |
Brt½E¿
|
hE
Brt½E¿ |
O best of the Bharatas |
prÓt¤
hE
Brt½E¿
jaE
kEvl dØBacrN
kE
h£ ¢le
AaWr
Pl
kaE B£
lßy
rKkr
¢kya
jata
hW us
yåO
kaE
rajs jan
,
That sacrifice,
however, which is offered for
the sake of mere show
or even with an eye
to its fruit, know it
to be Rajasik,
O best of
the Bharats (Arjuna). (12)
¢v¢Dh£nms¦¾a°|
mÓæOh£nmd¢XNm¯
,
½ÑGa¢vr¢ht|
yåO|
tams|
p¢rcXtE
,, 13 ,,
¢v¢D
h£nm¯ |
SaÞæO¢v¢D
sE
h£n |
without keeping to ordinance |
As¦¾
A°m¯ |
A°dan
sE r¢ht |
in which no food is distributed |
mÓæOh£nm¯
|
¢bna
mÓæOaE| kE
|
which is devoid of Mantras |
Ad¢XNm¯ |
¢bna
d¢XNa kE |
which is devoid of
gifts |
½ÑGa¢vr¢htm¯
|
¢bna
½ÑGa kE
¢kyE h^e |
which is devoid of faith |
p¢rcXtE |
khtE
hW| |
(they) declare |
SaÞæO¢v¢D
sE
h£n
A°dan sE
r¢ht
¢bna
mÓæOaE|
kE ¢bna
d¢XNa
kE
AaWr ¢bna
½ÑGa
kE
¢kyE
h^e yåO
kaE
tams
khtE hW|
,
A sacrifice,
which has no respect for
spiritual injunctions, in which
no food is offered, and
no sacrificial gifts are offered,
which is without sacred chants
and devoid of faith, is
said to be Tamasik. (13)
dEv¢¹jg¤âp#aåOp¥jn|
SaWcmajIvm¯
,
b#'cyIm¢h|sa
c
Sar£r|
tp uÅytE
,, 14 ,,
dEv¢¹jg¤âp#aåOp¥jnm¯
|
dEvta
b#a'N g¤â
AaWr åOan£jnaE|
ka
p¥jn |
worship of Gods, twice born, teachers and
wise
|
AajIvm¯ |
srlta |
straightforwardness |
Sar£rm¯
|
Sr£rs|bÓD£
|
of the body |
uÅytE |
kha
jata hW |
is called |
dEvta
b#a'N
g¤â
AaWr
åOan£jnaE|
ka p¥jn
p¢væOta
srlta b#'cyI
AaWr
A¢h|sa
Sr£rs|bÓD£
tp
kha jata
hW ,
Worship of gods,
the Brahmans, teachers and the
wise, purity,
straightforwardness, continence
and non-injury constitute austerity
of the body.
(14)
An¤¹Egkr|
vaÀy|
sÏy|
¢p#y¢ht|
c
yt¯ ,
ÞvaÒyaya×ysn|
cWv
vaHqmy|
tp uÅytE
,, 15
,,
An¤¹Egkrm¯
|
u¹Eg
kaE n
krnEvala |
causing no excitement |
¢p#y¢htm¯
|
¢p#y
AaWr ¢htkark
|
pleasant and beneficial |
ÞvaÒyay
A×ysnm¯ |
vEdSaÞæOaE|
kE
pFnE ka
A×yas |
the practice of the study of the Vedas
|
vaHqmym¯ |
vaN£s|bÓD£
|
of speech |
uÅytE |
kha
jata hW |
is called |
jaE
u¹Eg
kaE n
krnEvala
¢p#y
AaWr ¢htkark
sÏy
vaÀy hW
AaWr
jaE
vEdSaÞæOaE|
kE pFnE
ka
A×yas
hW vh
¢n:sÓdEh
vaN£s|bÓD£
tp
kha jata
hW ,
Words which
cause no annoyance to others
and are truthful, agreeable and
beneficial, as well as
the study of the Vedas
constitute austerity of speech.
(15)
mn:p#sad:
saWØyÏv|
maWnmaÏm¢v¢ng#h:
,
Bavs|S¤¢ÑG¢rÏyEtäOpaE
mansm¤ÅytE
,, 16
,,
mn:p#sad: |
mn
k£ p#s°ta
|
serenity of mind |
saWØyÏvm¯
|
SaÓtBav |
good heartedness |
AaÏm¢v¢ng#h:
|
mn
ka ¢ng#h |
self control |
Bavs|S¤¢ÑG:
|
AÓt:krN
k£ p¢væOta
|
purity of nature |
uÅytE |
kha
jata hW |
is called |
mn
k£
p#s°ta SaÓtBav
maWn
mn
ka ¢ng#h
AaWr
AÓt:krN
k£ p¢væOta
eEsE
yh
mns|bÓD£
tp kha
jata
hW ,
Cheerfulness of
mind, calmness, silence, self-control,
purity, all these constitute austerity
of the mind. (16)
½Ñ¯Dya
prya
tçO|
tpÞt¢ÏæO¢vD|
nrW: ,
APlakaHq¢X¢By¤I³W:
saäO¯¢vk|
p¢rcXtE
,, 17 ,,
½Ñ¯Dya
|
½Ñ¯Da
sE |
with faith |
¢æO¢vDm¯
|
t£n
p#kar kE |
threefold |
APl
AakaHq¢X¢B: |
Pl
kaE n
cahnEvalE |
desiring no fruit |
y¤³W: |
¢nÝkam£
yaEg£ |
steadfast |
saäO¯¢vkm¯
|
sa¢Ïvk |
Sattvika |
p¢rcXtE |
khtE
hW| |
(they) declare |
Pl
kaE
n cahnEvalE
¢nÝkam£
yaEg£
p¤âxaE|
¹ara prm
½ÑGa
sE
¢kyE
h^e us
t£n
p#kar
kE tp
kaE
sa¢Ïvk
khtE hW|
,
This threefold
penance performed with supreme
faith by Yogis expecting no
return is called Sattvik.
(17)
sÏkarmanp¥jaTI|
tpaE
dØBEn
cWv yt¯
,
¢@ytE
t¢dh
p#aE³|
rajs| clmD#¤vm¯
,, 18
,,
sÏkarmanp¥ja
ATIm¯ |
sÏkar
man AaWr
p¥ja kE
¢le |
for getting good reception, honour and
worship
|
dØBEn |
kEvl
paKÎf sE |
with hypocrisy |
¢@ytE |
¢kya
jata hW |
is practised |
p#aE³m¯ |
kha
gya hW |
is said |
AD#¤vm¯
|
A¢n¢àt
|
transitory |
jaE
tp
sÏkar man
AaWr
p¥ja
kE ¢le
kEvl paKÎf
sE
h£
¢kya jata
hW
vh
A¢n¢àt
AaWr X¢Nk
tp
yha| rajs
kha
gya
hW ,
The penance
which is performed for the
sake of renown, honour
and worship as well as
for any other gain which
yields uncertain and momentary
fruit, has been spoken of
here as Rajasik.
(18)
m¥Fg#ahENaÏmnaE
yÏp£fya
¢@ytE
tp:
,
prÞyaEÏsadnaTI|
va
täOamsm¤da¶tm¯
,, 19 ,,
m¥Fg#ahEN |
m¥Ftap¥vIk
hZ sE |
out of a foolish notion |
AaÏmn: |
AaÏma
kaE |
of the self |
p£fya |
p£fa
dEkr |
with torture |
¢@ytE |
¢kya
jata hW |
is practised |
uÏsadn
ATIm¯ |
A¢n¾
krnE
kE ¢le |
for the purpose of destroying |
uda¶tm¯ |
kha
gya hW |
is declared |
jaE
tp
m¥Ftap¥vIk
hZ sE
AaÏma
kaE p£fa
dEkr
ATva ѥsrE
ka
A¢n¾
krnE
kE ¢le
¢kya
jata
hW vh
tp tams
kha
gya
hW ,
Austerity which
is practised through perversity
and is accompanied with self-mortification
or is intended to harm
others, such austerity has
been declared as Tamasik. (19)
datÛy¢m¢t
yêan|
d£ytE{n¤pka¢rNE
,
dESE
kalE
c paæOE
c
têan|
saäO¯¢vk|
Þm¦tm¯ ,, 20
,,
datÛym¯
|
dan
dEna h£
ktIÛy hW |
ought
to be given |
d£ytE |
¢dya
jata hW |
is given |
An¤pka¢rNE
|
p#Ïy¤pkar
n
krnEvalE kE
¢le |
to one who
does no service in return |
paæOE |
paæO |
to a worthy person |
saäO¯¢vkm¯
|
sa¢Ïvk |
Sattvik |
Þm¦tm¯
|
kha
gya hW |
is held to be |
dan
dEna
h£ ktIÛy
hW
eEsE
Bav sE
jaE
dan dES
kal
AaWr
paæO kE
p#açO
haEnE
pr p#Ïy¤pkar
n
krnEvalE
kE ¢le
¢dya jata
hW
vh
dan sa¢Ïvk
kha
gya
hW ,
A gift
which is bestowed with
a sense of duty to one
who does no service
in return, at a fit
place, and correct time,
to a desrving person, that
gift has been pronounced
as Sattvik. (20)
yäO¤
p#Ïy¤pkaraTI|
Plm¤¢êÜy
va
p¤n:
,
d£ytE
c
p¢r¢²¾|
têan|
rajs| Þm¦tm¯
,, 21 ,,
p#Ïy¤pkaraTIm¯
|
p#Ïy¤pkar
kE
¢le |
with a view to receive
in return |
u¢êÜy
|
uêEÜy
krkE |
looking for |
d£ytE |
¢dya
jata hW |
is given |
p¢r¢²¾m¯
|
²ESp¥vIk |
reluctantly |
Þm¦tm¯
|
kha
gya hW |
is held to be |
AaWr
jaE
dan
²ESp¥vIk
tTa p#Ïy¤pkar
kE
¢le
ATva Pl
kaE
uêEÜy
krkE ¢Pr
¢dya
jata
hW vh
dan
rajs kha
gya
hW ,
A gift which
is bestowed in a grudging
spirit and with the
object of getting a service
in return or in the hope
of obtaining a reward,
is held to be Rajasik.
(21)
AdESkalE
yêanmpaæOE×yà
d£ytE
,
AsÏk]tmvåOat|
täOamsm¤da¶tm¯
,, 22
,,
AdESkalE |
AyaEÂy
dESkal mE| |
at a wrong place |
ApaæOE×y:
|
k[paæOaE|
kE ¢le |
to unworthy persons |
d£ytE |
¢dya
jata hW |
is given |
AsÏk]tm¯
|
¢bna
sÏkar ¢kyE
|
without respect |
AvåOatm¯
|
¢trÞkarp¥vIk
|
with insult |
uda¶tm¯ |
kha
gya hW |
is declared to be |
AaWr
jaE
dan ¢bna
sÏkar
¢kyE
ATva ¢trÞkarp¥vIk
AyaEÂy
dESkal
mE|
k[paæOaE|
kE ¢lyE
¢dya
jata
hW vh
tams kha
gya
hW ,
A gift
which is made without good
grace and in a disdainful
spirit out of
time and place and
to undeserving persons, is
said
to be
Tamasik.
(22)
PROCEED TO CHAPTER - 17 : STANZAS 23 TO 28
RETURN TO CHAPTER - 17 : STANZAS 1 TO 6
RETURN TO CHAPTER INDEX OF BHAGAVAD GITA